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YTIDICA (PANTAPROZOLE 40MG) 

Medical uses

Medical uses

Pantoprazole is used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the oesophagus caused by  gastroesophageal reflux disease. Initial treatment is generally of eight weeks' duration, after which another eight-week course of treatment may be considered if necessary. [1] It can be used as a maintenance therapy for long-term use after initial response is obtained. Pantoprazole may also be used in combination with antibiotics to treat ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori.When treating  H. pylori ulcers, pantoprazole is given twice daily, [3] in contrast to  gastroesophageal reflux disease, where it is usually given once daily. Typical treatment courses for  H. pylori range from 10 to 14 days.

Adverse effects

Infection: Stomach acid plays a role in killing ingested bacteria. Use of pantoprazole may increase the chance of developing infections such as pneumonia, particularly in hospitalized patients.

Common

  • Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain (3%), diarrhea (4%), flatulence (4%)
  • Neurologic: headache (5%)

Serious

  • Gastrointestinal: atrophic gastritisClostridium difficile diarrhea
  • Hematologic: thrombocytopenia (less than 1%)
  • Immunologic: Stevens-Johnson syndrometoxic epidermal necrolysis
  • Musculoskeletal: Muscle disorders, bone fracture and infection, Clostridium difficile infection, osteoporosis-related hip fracture, rhabdomyolysis
  • Renal: interstitial nephritis (rare)
  • Nutrition: may reduce the absorption of important nutrients, vitamins and minerals, as well as medications, leaving users at increased risk for pneumonia[5]
  • Cardiovascular: increase in a chemical that suppresses the production of nitric oxide by 25% in humans, which has proven to relax and protect arteries and veins, causes blood vessels to constrict, a development that could lead to a number of cardiovascular problems if continued for a prolonged time[5]

Pharmacology

Pantoprazole is metabolized in the liver by the  cytochrome P450 system.Metabolism mainly consists of  demethylation by  CYP2C19 followed by  sulfation. Another metabolic pathway is oxidation by  CYP3A4. Pantoprazole metabolites are not thought to have any pharmacological significance. Pantoprazole is relatively free of drug interactions; [7] however, it may alter the absorption of other medications that depend on the amount of acid in the stomach, such as  ketoconazole or  digoxin. Generally inactive at the acidic pH of stomach, thus it is usually given with a prokinetic drug. Pantoprazole binds irreversibly to H+K+ATPase (proton pumps) and suppresses the secretion of acid. As it binds irreversibly to the pumps, new pumps have to be made before acid production can be resumed. The drug's plasma half-life is about 2 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption
  • Bioavailability: (oral, delayed release tablets), about 77%
  • Effect of food: (oral, delayed-release tablets), AUC and Cmax no effect, Tmax variable, absorption delayed, no net effect
  • Effect of food: (oral, for-delayed-release suspension), administer 30 minutes before a meal
  • Tmax, oral, delayed-release suspension: 2.0 to 2.5 h
  • Tmax, oral, delayed-release tablets: 2.5 h
  • Tmax, oral,delayed-release tablets: 1.5 to 2.0 hours (pediatrics)
Distribution
  • Protein binding: about 98% to primarily albumin
  • Vd, extensive metabolizers (IV): about 11 to 23.6 l
  • Vd, pediatrics (oral): 0.21 to 0.43 l/kg.
Metabolism
  • Hepatic; cytochrome P450 CYP2C19; minor metabolism from CYP3A4, 2D6, and 2C9
Excretion
  • Fecal: (oral or IV, normal metabolizers), 18%
  • Renal: (oral or IV, normal metabolizers), about 71%, none as unchanged
  • Dialyzable: no (hemodialysis)
  • Total body clearance: (IV) 7.6 to 14 l/hour.
  • Total body clearance: (oral, pediatrics) 0.18 to 2.08 l/h/kg
Elimination half-life
  • Oral or IV, 1 hour
  • Oral or IV, slow metabolizers, 3.5 to 10 hours
  • Pediatrics, 0.7 to 5.3 hours
Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

LELEON PLUS:

Methylcobalamin-1500 mcg 
Alpha Lipoic Acid-100 mg 
Folic Acid (Vit B9)-1.5 mg 
Pyridoxine-3 mg

Methylcobalamin 

Methylcobalamin is a type of Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 comes in several kinds including hydroxy-, cyano-, and adenosyl-, but only the methyl and adenosyl forms are active within the body. Deficiency occurs from a lack of "intrinsic factor" a mucoprotein enzyme in gastrointestinal tract,from tapeworm infestation or excessive bacteria in stomach and intestines.
Methylcobalamin donates methyl groups to the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibres and regenerates damaged neurons. In a B12 deficiency, toxic fatty acids destroy the myelin sheath but high enough doses of B12 can repair it.

Folic acid (Vitamin B9)

Folic acid (Vitamin B9), a member of the B-complex vitamins, is a water-soluble vitamin that is unstable in heat and light. 
Folic acid is required for DNA synthesis and cell growth and is important for red blood cell formation, energy production as well as the forming of amino acids. Folic acid is essential for creating haeme, the iron containing substance in hemoglobin, crucial for oxygen transport. It is important for healthy cell division and replication, since it is acts as a coenzyme for RNA and DNA synthesis. It is also required for protein metabolism and in treating folic acid anemia. Folic acid also assists in digestion, and the nervous system, and works at improving mental as well as emotional health. This nutrient may be effective in treating depression and anxiety. Folic acid is very important in the development of the nervous system of a developing fetus.

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that exists in three major chemical forms: pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine. It performs a wide variety of functions in our body and is essential for our good health. Vitamin B6 is needed for more than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism. It is also essential for red blood cell metabolism. The nervous and immune systems need vitamin B6 to function efficiently, and it is also needed for the conversion of tryptophan (an amino acid) to niacin (a vitamin).

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Alpha Lipoic Acid  chemically is 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid. It is a sulphur containing substance, which is readily converted from its reduced state, dihydrolipoic acid. It can be found in foods such as meats and spinach. It is readily absorbed in the blood stream and can also cross blood brain barrier.

It functions as a cofactor for enzymes involved in conversion of energy from glucose and fats, Krebs cycle (metabolism of fats and carbohydrates). It lowers blood sugar. It is a powerful antioxidant and prevents cellular damage from free radicals thereby reducing oxidative stress. It increases production of glutathione, which helps dissolves toxic substances in liver.

INDICATIONS

Diabetic Neuropathies, Peripheral Neuropathies,Hyperhomocytemia,Megaloblastic anemia,Vit.B12 deficiency Infections,Neurological pain, Sensory disturbances, Rheumatoid Arthritis,Osteoporosis, Gout,Mood disorder,Sleep disturbances, Alzheimer's Disease , Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Heart rate variability, Fibromyalgia , Bell's palsy, Herpes Zoster , Cancer,  HIV 

DOSAGE

1 TABLET a day or as recommended the physician 

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity to any ingredient of the composition
Methylcobalamin: Anaphylactic reaction and other sensitivity reactions
Tobacco amblyopia
Folic acid: Addisonian pernicious anemia, malignant disease.
Pyridoxine Hcl: concomitant administration of levodopa.

LELEONCLAV 625 MG:

Uses

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is a combination  penicillin-type antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of  bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as  common coldflu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

How to use amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate
Take this  medication by  mouth with a meal or snack as directed by your doctor, usually every 12 hours. Do not take this medication with a high-fat meal because it can decrease the absorption of the drug. Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split the tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.
Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level. Therefore, take this drug at evenly spaced intervals. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day.
Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a return of the infection.
Tell the doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Side Effects

Diarrheanausea, or  vomiting may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell the doctor or pharmacist promptly. Taking this medication with food will help to reduce  stomach upset.
Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
Tell the doctor right away if any of these rare but serious side effects occur: dark urine, persistent nausea/vomiting, severe stomach/ abdominal pain, yellowing  eyes/ skin, easy bruising/bleeding, new signs of infection (such as fever, persistent  sore throat), unusual tiredness.
This medication may rarely cause a severe intestinal condition ( Clostridium difficile-associated  diarrhea) due to a type of resistant bacteria. This condition may occur during treatment or weeks to months after treatment has stopped. Do not use anti-diarrhea products or narcotic pain medications if you have any of the following symptoms because these products may make them worse. Tell the doctor right away if you develop: persistent diarrhea, abdominal or stomach pain/cramping,  blood/mucus in your stool.
Use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in oral  thrush or a new  yeast infection. Contact the doctor if you notice white patches in your  mouth, a change in  vaginal discharge or other new symptoms.
A very serious  allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious  allergic reaction, including:  rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/ tongue/throat), severe  dizzinesstrouble breathing.
Amoxicillin can commonly cause a mild  rash that is usually not serious. However, you may not be able to tell it apart from a rare rash that could be a sign of a  severe allergic reaction. Therefore, get medical help right away if you develop any rash.
This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Precautions

Before taking this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to amoxicillin or clavulanic acid; or to penicillin or cephalosporin  antibiotics; or if you have any other  allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
Before using this medication, tell the doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of:  liverdisease (including  liver problems caused by previous use of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid),  kidney disease (such as requiring  dialysis), a certain type of viral infection ( infectious mononucleosis).
Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).
This product may cause live bacterial vaccines (such as typhoid vaccine) not to work as well. Therefore, do not have any  immunizations/ vaccinations while using this medication without the consent of your doctor.
During  pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
This medication passes into  breast milk. Consult your doctor before  breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible  drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.
Products that may interact with this drug include: methotrexate.
Although most antibiotics probably do not affect hormonal birth control such as pills, patch, or ring, some antibiotics may decrease their effectiveness. This could cause pregnancy. Examples include rifamycins such as rifampin or rifabutin. Be sure to ask your doctor or pharmacist if you should use additional reliable  birth control methods while using this antibiotic.
This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including certain urine glucose tests), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include: severe vomiting, persistent diarrhea, change in the amount of urine. Do not share this medication with others.
This medication has been prescribed for your current condition only. Do not use it later for another infection unless your doctor directs you to do so. A different medication may be necessary in that case.
With prolonged treatment, laboratory and/or medical tests (such as kidney/liver function, complete blood counts) may be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects. Consult the doctor for more details.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Storage

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

LELEON D GEL

Diclofenac Diethylamine 1.16% + Linseed Oil 3% + Methyl Salicylate 10% + Menthol 5%+ benzyl alcohol 1%(preservative)

Diclofenac Diethylamine 1.16% + Linseed Oil 3% + Methyl Salicylate 10% + Menthol 5%+ benzyl alcohol 1%(preservative)

1.Diclofenac relieves pain & inflammation 
2.Methyl Salicylate provides counter-irritant action 
3.Menthol enhances Diclofenac absorption and provides cooling action 
4.Linseed oil helps in reducing inflammation 

Indications for Diclofenac Diethylamine + Linseed Oil + Methyl Salicylate + Menthol

1.Back pain 
2.Knee pain 
3.Sprain & strains 
4.Soft tissue disorders 
5.Osteoarthritis Knee 
6.Spondylosis 
7.Cervical spondylosis 
8.Injury 
9.Arthritis 
10.Shoulder lesions 
11.Frozen Shoulder 
12.Prolapsed intervertebral disc 

About Diclofenac

Diclofenac has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. The  mechanism of action of Leleon D GEL, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2).  Diclofenac is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro.

About Linseed Oil

It contains powerful, rare natural antioxidants (lignans), omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. It is a popular oil in cosmetic manufacturing and to a lesser degree (but no less suitable), massage therapists and aroma therapists. Linseed oil is also well absorbed by the skin.

Mechanism of Action of Methyl salicylate

Methyl salicylate is a rubefacient. It produces reddening of the skin by dilatation of the blood vessel and gives a soothing feeling of warmth. It is also called as counterirritant because they produce their action by counter irritation. Irritation of the sensory nerve endings alters pain in the underlying muscle or joints that are served by the same nerves.

Mechanism of Action of Menthol

Menthol acts as a local anesthetic on the respiratory passageways and causing cough suppression. When Menthol is rubbed on the skin, it acts as a rubefacient and causes localized vasodilatation; which gives feelings of comfort and warmth. When applied gently on the skin, it acts as an anti-pruritic agent and creates a feeling of coolness, and mild local anaesthetic effect relieves itching. It has good soothing effect and acts as a demulcent. It also acts as a carminative.

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution 

Children Related Information

Use with caution 
below 2 years: Contraindicated